Male hormones, particularly testosterone, often receive less attention than female hormones. Discussions around male hormonal imbalances, like low testosterone affecting fertility, are sometimes avoided due to stigma. We asked Dr. Yeong Cheng Toh , fertility specialist and medical director at IVF(SG), about this often overlooked aspect of men’s health.
The Vital Role of Hormones in Men’s Well-being
Hormones are essential chemical messengers to regulate many processes in the human body. While their influence on women’s health is well-known, the role of hormones in men’s well-being is less discussed and understood. Besides regulating sexual function, hormones are essential for energy levels and overall vitality, basically a key role in maintaining men’s health.
“Hormones play crucial roles in men’s health, including regulating libido, bone mass, fat distribution, muscle mass and strength, and the production of red blood cells and reproduction,” explains Dr. Yeong.
Testosterone and other Other Key Hormones in Men’s Health
Testosterone is the primary hormone for men and is responsible for traits like muscle strength, body hair, and a deeper voice. In adults, testosterone keeps bones strong, supports energy, and is important for sex drive. Low testosterone can cause tiredness, weak muscles, low sex drive, and mood changes.
However, testosterone is just one piece of a much larger health puzzle. Other crucial hormones that influence men’s health include:
- Insulin is essential for converting foods into energy and maintaining proper blood sugar levels. Imbalances in insulin can lead to conditions like diabetes and can have far-reaching chronic health consequences.
- Cortisol, also commonly known as the “stress hormone, “ plays a vital role in how the body responds to physical and emotional stressors.
- Oestradiol plays a crucial role in regulating libido, erectile function, and sperm production in men. Maintaining a healthy balance between testosterone and estrogen is essential for male reproductive health.
- Thyroid Hormones are essential for men’s health, as they help control energy, weight, mood, and even sexual health. If the thyroid hormone level is too high, men may feel anxious, lose weight quickly, and have a fast heart rate. If it is too low, they might feel tired, gain weight, have memory problems, and experience a lower sex drive. Thyroid hormones also support muscle and bone health. If men have symptoms like low energy, weight changes, or mood issues, a thyroid test can help find out if this hormone is out of balance.
How Hormonal Imbalances Affect Male Fertility
While testosterone supports sperm production, the quality of sperm is also a key determinant for conception and pregnancy. Overall, one-third of infertility cases are caused by male reproductive issues, one-third by female reproductive issues, and one-third by both male and female reproductive issues or by unknown factors . Semen analysis and further investigations, such as DNA fragmentation, can help identify whether these issues prevent conception.
Poor hormonal health could contribute to increased sperm DNA fragmentation, a significant factor in male infertility. Hormones regulate various cellular processes, including sperm production, maturation, and the ability to withstand oxidative stress. When these hormonal systems are disrupted, it can lead to higher levels of DNA damage in sperm.
Addressing hormonal imbalances through lifestyle changes and focusing on a balanced diet comprising healthy fats, vitamins, minerals, and fiber-rich foods can help regulate hormone levels. Limiting alcohol consumption, which can harm fertility, could help. Weight is another factor affecting fertility. Keeping a healthy weight through a regular exercise routine is a plus point. Prioritizing sleep, proper rest, and targeted medical interventions helps improve sperm quality and fertility.
“Understanding and maintaining hormonal health is vital for overall well-being and fertility in men. Focusing on a balanced diet, regular exercise, and proper sleep can naturally support hormonal health and improve your chances of conception,” he added.
While discussions around male hormonal imbalances and fertility challenges may sometimes be stigmatized, it is essential to break the silence and address these important aspects of men’s health.
