Many couples today are choosing to plan their family thoughtfully, and that often starts with making informed decisions about their health. Whether you are getting married, considering family planning soon, or are already actively trying to conceive, you would likely come across terms like pre-marital screening, preconception testing, and fertility assessment.
At first glance, they may sound similar, but each plays a different role depending on where you are in your relationship and reproductive journey.
Starting with Pre-Marital Health Screening
Couples go for pre-marital screening before marriage or during early engagement. It gives them a clearer understanding of each other’s health, so they can make informed decisions and support one another if health issues develop in the future.
Typically, this screening involves testing for inherited conditions, infectious diseases such as hepatitis B and C, blood type, and general health indicators. It also includes screening for sexually transmitted infections, which is vital to reduce the risk of transmission between partners and establish a safe environment for future conception.
Early screening allows for timely medical intervention. Many serious health conditions can go undetected due to a lack of symptoms. Pre-marital health checks help to catch potential issues early. This helps reduce long-term health risks and lays the foundation for a healthier future, especially when it comes to pregnancy.
Another common test is to identify genetic conditions like thalassaemia that parents could pass on to future children. Understanding these potential risks helps couples plan more effectively and prepares them for the care of their child.
Some clinics also include fertility health checks in the screening, which provide a basic overview of reproductive health for both partners and alert them to any factors that may require early attention or follow-up. Some may even go further and assess lifestyle-related indicators such as cholesterol and glucose levels.
Beyond the medical benefits, pre-marital screening opens up honest communication between partners. Discussing health concerns, risks, and potential challenges can strengthen the relationship and help both partners better support one another in their long-term health and fertility journey.
When You’re Ready for a Baby: Preconception Testing
For couples who are actively trying or planning to try for a baby soon, preconception testing is the next step. This testing is more targeted and ensures both partners are in optimal health to support a successful pregnancy.
For women, preconception testing usually involves assessing immunity to infections like rubella and chickenpox, evaluating thyroid function, and checking for nutritional deficiencies such as low levels of folate or vitamin D. Doctors may also want to ensure that any chronic conditions, such as diabetes or high blood pressure, are well managed.
Digging Deeper: Fertility Assessment Testing
It is designed for couples who either want a deeper understanding of their fertility potential or who have been trying to conceive without success.
In Singapore, where fertility rates are among the lowest in the world and many couples begin trying in their 30s or later, fertility assessments are increasingly common.
For women, fertility assessments include hormone tests to evaluate ovulation and ovarian reserves, coupled with a pelvic ultrasound to assess the uterus and ovaries for any abnormalities. For men, semen analysis assesses sperm count, motility, and shape. If any abnormalities are detected, hormonal tests may also be conducted to determine the root cause.
If you’ve been trying for a baby for six months to a year without success, a fertility assessment can help identify what’s going on. The results can guide a personalised plan, whether that means continuing to try naturally or exploring assisted reproductive treatments such as IVF.
Beyond the diagnostic tests, fertility assessments sometimes include lifestyle counselling and tailored guidance. Fertility specialists may discuss how everyday factors such as diet, stress, sleep quality, smoking, alcohol use, or environmental exposures can affect your chances of conceiving. Based on your situation, they may also refer you to other professionals such as an endocrinologist, urologist, dietitian, or psychologist for additional support.
Which Test Should You Consider?
The screening or test you choose depends on your life stage and family planning goals. Pre-marital screening is a good way to uncover hidden health or genetic risks before marriage. Preconception testing ensures your body is physically ready for pregnancy. And fertility assessments offer a deeper dive into your reproductive health—especially helpful if you’ve been trying to conceive or want clarity before starting.
Taking these steps doesn’t just improve your chances of having a healthy pregnancy—it also empowers you to take control of your future. Whether you’re planning or facing challenges now, investing in your reproductive health today can make all the difference tomorrow.
